Amberd means a "fortress in the clouds" in Armenian. It is a fortress complex with a church built XI-XIII centuries on the slopes of Mt. Aragats at 2,300 meters above sea level. Amberd stands on a rocky eminence, again one of the impregnable fortresses of medieval Armenia. The fortress was founded in the 7th century A.D. during the rule of the Kamsarakan princes. It was rebuilt 4 centuries later by the architect Vahram Vachutian Pakhlavuni. He added thick stone walls and 3 bastions along the ridge of the Arkhashyan ravine, where there were no natural defences. The Church was built in 1026 A.D. by Vahram Pahlavuni. The baths were constructed outside the palace in the 13th century. The exterior architecture is simple and expressive, crowned by an umbrella shaped cupola.